UCDP/PRIO – R Functions and Packages for Political Science Analysis

1. WDI

The World Development Indicators (WDI) package by Vincent Arel-Bundock provides access to a database of hundreds of economic development indicators from the World Bank.

Examples of variables include population, GDP, education, health, and poverty, school attendance rates.ee

Reference: Arel-Bundock, V. (2017). WDI: World Development Indicators (R Package Version 2.7.1).

Download WorldBank data with WDI package in R

2. peacesciencer

This package by Steve Miller helps you download data related to peace and conflict studies, including the Correlates of War project.

Examples of variables include Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP), Thompson and Dreyer’s (2012) strategic rivalry data, fractionalization/polarization estimates from the Composition of Religious and Ethnic Groups (CREG) Project, and Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) data on civil and inter-state conflicts.

Data can come in either country-year, event-level dyadic-level.

Reference: Hewitt, J. J. (2020). peacesciencer: Tools for Peace Scientists (R Package Version 0.2.2).

Building a dataset for political science analysis in R, PART 2

3. eurostat

eurostat provides access to a wide range of statistics and data on the European Union and its member states, covering topics such as population, economics, society, and the environment.

Examples of variables include employment, inflation, education, crime, and air pollution. The package was authored by Leo Lahti.

Reference: eurostat (2018). eurostat: Eurostat Open Data (R Package Version 3.6.0), CRAN PDF retrieved at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/eurostat/eurostat.pdf

How to download EU data with Eurostat package in R: Part 1 (with pyramid graphs)

4. vdem

The Varieties of Democracy package by Staffan I. Lindberg et al. provides data on a range of indicators related to democracy and governance in countries around the world, including measures of electoral democracy, civil liberties, and human rights.

Examples of variables include freedom of speech, rule of law, corruption, government transparency, and voter turnout.

Reference: Lindberg, S. I., & Stepanova, N. (2020). vdem: Varieties of Democracy Project (R Package Version 1.6).

5. democracyData

This package by Xavier Marquez: provides data on a range of variables related to democracy, including elections, political parties, and civil liberties.

Examples of variables include regime type, democracy scores (Freedom House, PolityIV etc, Geddes, Wright, and Frantz’ autocratic regimes dataset, the Lexical Index of Electoral Democracy, the DD/ACLP/PACL/CGV dataset), axxording to the Github page

Download democracy data with democracyData package in R

6. icpsrdata

This package by Frederick Solt provides a simple way to download and import data from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) archive into R. This is for easy replication and sharing of data. The package includes datasets from different fields of study, including sociology, political science, and economics.

Reference: Solt, F. (2020). icpsrdata: Reproducible Data Retrieval from the ICPSR Archive (R Package Version 0.5.0).

7. Quandl

This R package by Quandl provides an interface to access financial and economic data from over 20 different sources. Examples of variables include stock prices, futures, options, and macroeconomic indicators. The package includes functions to easily download data directly into R and perform tasks such as plotting, transforming, and aggregating data. Additional functions for managing and exploring data, such as search tools and data caching features, are also available.

Here are five examples of variables in the Quandl package:

“AAPL” (Apple Inc. stock price)
“CHRIS/CME_CL1” (Crude Oil Futures)
“FRED/GDP” (US GDP)
“BCHAIN/MKPRU” (Bitcoin Market Price)
“USTREASURY/YIELD” (US Treasury Yield Curve Rates)

Reference: Quandl. (2021). Quandl: A library of economic and financial data. Retrieved from https://www.quandl.com/tools/r.

Download economic and financial time series data with Quandl package in R

8. essurvey

The essurvey package is an R package that provides access to data from the European Social Survey (ESS), which is a large-scale survey that collects data on attitudes, values, and behavior across Europe. The package includes functions to easily download, read, and analyze data from the ESS, and also includes documentation and sample code to help users get started.

Examples of variables in the ESS dataset include political interest, trust in political institutions, social class, education level, and income. The package was authored by David Winter and includes a variety of useful functions for working with ESS data.

Reference: Winter, D. (2021). essurvey: Download Data from the European Social Survey on the Fly. R package version 3.4.4. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=essurvey.

Download European Social Survey data with essurvey package in R

9. manifestoR

manifestoR is an R package that provides access to data from the Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP), which is a cross-national research project that analyzes political party manifestos. The package allows users to easily download and analyze data from the CMP, including party positions on various policy issues and the salience of those issues across time and space.

Examples of variables in the CMP dataset include party positions on taxation, immigration, the environment, healthcare, and education. The package was authored by Jörg Matthes, Marcelo Jenny, and Carsten Schwemmer.

Reference: Matthes, J., Jenny, M., & Schwemmer, C. (2018). manifestoR: Access and Process Data and Documents of the Manifesto Project. R package version 1.2.1. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=manifestoR.

Graph political party manifestos on ideological spectrum with manifestoR package in R

10. unvotes

The unvotes data package provides historical voting data of the United Nations General Assembly, including votes for each country in each roll call, as well as descriptions and topic classifications for each vote.

The classifications included in the dataset cover a wide range of issues, including human rights, disarmament, decolonization, and Middle East-related issues.

The package was created by David Robinson and Nicholas Goguen-Compagnoni and is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/unvotes/unvotes.pdf.

Download and graph UN votes data with the unvotes package in R

11. gravity

The gravity package in R, created by Anna-Lena Woelwer, provides a set of functions for estimating gravity models, which are used to analyze bilateral trade flows between countries. The package includes the gravity_data dataset, which contains information on trade flows between pairs of countries.

Examples of variables that may affect trade in the dataset are GDP, distance, and the presence of regional trade agreements, contiguity, common official language, and common currency.

iso_o: ISO-Code of country of origin
iso_d: ISO-Code of country of destination
distw: weighted distance
gdp_o: GDP of country of origin
gdp_d: GDP of country of destination
rta: regional trade agreement
flow: trade flow
contig: contiguity
comlang_off: common official language
comcur: common currency

The package PDF CRAN is available at http://cran.nexr.com/web/packages/gravity/gravity.pdf

Packages we will need

library(tidyverse)
library(peacesciencer)
library(countrycode)
library(bbplot)

The main workhorse of this blog is the peacesciencer package by Stephen Miller!

The package will create both dyad datasets and state datasets with all sovereign countries.

Thank you Mr Miller!

There are heaps of options and variables to add.

Go to the page to read about them all in detail.

Here is a short list from the package description of all the key variables that can be quickly added:

We create the dyad dataset with the create_dyadyears() function. A dyad-year dataset focuses on information about the relationship between two countries (such as whether the two countries are at war, how much they trade together, whether they are geographically contiguous et cetera).

In the literature, the study of interstate conflict has adopted a heavy focus on dyads as a unit of analysis.

Alternatively, if we want just state-year data like in the previous blog post, we use the function create_stateyears()

We can add the variables with type D to the create_dyadyears() function and we can add the variables with type S to the create_stateyears() !

Focusing on the create_dyadyears() function, the arguments we can include are directed and mry.

The directed argument indicates whether we want directed or non-directed dyad relationship.

In a directed analysis, data include two observations (i.e. two rows) per dyad per year (such as one for USA – Russia and another row for Russia – USA), but in a nondirected analysis, we include only one observation (one row) per dyad per year.

The mry argument indicates whether they want to extend the data to the most recently concluded calendar year – i.e. 2020 – or not (i.e. until the data was last available).

dyad_df <- create_dyadyears(directed = FALSE, mry = TRUE) %>%
  add_atop_alliance() %>%  
  add_nmc() %>%
  add_cow_trade() %>% 
  add_creg_fractionalization()

I added dyadic variables for the

ATOP alliances,
national military capabilities (NMC) ,
Correlates of War trade data and
Composition of Religious and Ethnic Groups (CREG) ethnicity fractionalization data.

You can follow these links to check out the codebooks if you want more information about descriptions about each variable and how the data were collected!

The code comes with the COW code but I like adding the actual names also!

dyad_df$country_1 <- countrycode(dyad_df$ccode1, "cown", "country.name")

With this dataframe, we can plot the CINC data of the top three superpowers, just looking at any variable that has a 1 at the end and only looking at the corresponding country_1!

According to our pals over at le Wikipedia, the Composite Index of National Capability (CINC) is a statistical measure of national power created by J. David Singer for the Correlates of War project in 1963. It uses an average of percentages of world totals in six different components (such as coal consumption, military expenditure and population). The components represent demographic, economic, and military strength

First, let’s choose some nice hex colors

pal <- c("China" = "#DE2910",
         "United States" = "#3C3B6E", 
         "Russia" = "#FFD900")

And then create the plot

dyad_df %>% 
 filter(country_1 == "Russia" | 
          country_1 == "United States" | 
          country_1 == "China") %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = cinc1, group = as.factor(country_1))) +
  geom_line(aes(color = country_1)) +
  geom_line(aes(color = country_1), size = 2, alpha = 0.8) + 
  scale_color_manual(values =  pal) +
  bbplot::bbc_style()

In PART 3, we will merge together our data with our variables from PART 1, look at some descriptive statistics and run some panel data regression analysis with our different variables!